The first step in pipeline construction is obtaining the appropriate permits and right of way (ROW) easements to construction the line. Upon completion, there are a number of tests conducted to ensure the structural integrity of the line before it goes into operation. These tests include x-raying the welds on the pipe to ensure mechanical integrity, hydro tests, which consists of running pressurized water through the line to check for leaks, as well pig runs to ensure there are not any deficiencies inside the pipe.